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[PSCI-06] Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), Controlled Release Kinetics, Transdermals, Inhalers & Liposomes
PSCI-06 • 4. PharmaceuticsLearning Objectives
Differentiate reservoir (membrane-controlled zero-order) vs monolithic matrix (Higuchi square-root of time) controlled-release systems.; Explain osmotic pump tablets (OROS), transdermal patches ([6.11] Fentanyl, [3.28] Nitroglycerin), and pulmonary DPI/pMDI aerodynamics (MMAD 1–5 µm).; Compare Liposomes (Stealth PEGylated liposomes — [8.72] Liposomal Amphotericin B), Niosomes, Nanoparticles, and Monoclonal Antibody conjugates.
Chapter Overview & Core Explanation
Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) engineer smart carriers—like laser-drilled osmotic tablets, skin patches, inhaled micro-aerosols, or lipid nanospheres—that release medicine at a controlled rate or target diseased tissues directly while sparing healthy organs.
Key Exam & Clinical Takeaways
- Optimal Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) for deep alveolar/bronchiolar deposition from an inhaler is 1 to 5 µm; holding breath for 10 seconds maximizes gravitational sedimentation.
- Matrix tablets ([7.1] Metformin SR, [3.11] Metoprolol XL) must NEVER be crushed or chewed, as destroying the rate-controlling matrix causes immediate 'dose dumping' and severe toxicity.